The safety of the running train is an important subject in railway vehicle system dynamics . the condition of derailment and indices of vehicle are important parameters that are defined for safety evaluation of the running train . according to the running condition of vehicle , the paper discusses derailment safety of vehicle in four respects : the coefficient of derailment for a single wheel , the coefficient of derailment for wheel - set , the derailment condition caused by wheel load reduction , relation between the coefficient of derailment and the rate of wheel load reduction . factors affecting the indices are systematically investigated . suitable conditions of derailment of vehicle are given . the results show that h / p1 can be used to evaluate the derailment safety , inwhich h is a force acting on wheel - set in the direction of lateral and p1 is a force acting on the derailment wheel in the direction of vertical 車(chē)輛脫軌條件和評(píng)定指標(biāo)是衡量車(chē)輛安全運(yùn)行的重要指標(biāo).根據(jù)車(chē)輛運(yùn)行狀態(tài),從單輪脫軌條件和評(píng)定指標(biāo)、輪對(duì)脫軌條件和評(píng)定指標(biāo)、由輪重減載引起脫軌的條件、脫軌系數(shù)與輪壓減少率的關(guān)系等4個(gè)方面對(duì)車(chē)輛的脫軌安全度進(jìn)行了探討,分析了影響車(chē)輛脫軌的因素,并指出車(chē)輛脫軌評(píng)定條件的適用情況.結(jié)果表明,采用作用于輪對(duì)的側(cè)向力h與作用于脫軌側(cè)車(chē)輪的垂直力p1之比檢算車(chē)輛的脫軌安全度較為合理